agent-framework-purview

Microsoft Agent Framework – Purview Integration (Python)

agent-framework-purview adds Microsoft Purview (Microsoft Graph dataSecurityAndGovernance) policy evaluation to the Microsoft Agent Framework. It lets you enforce data security / governance policies on both the prompt (user input + conversation history) and the model response before they proceed further in your workflow.

Status: Preview

Key Features

• Middleware-based policy enforcement (agent-level and chat-client level)
• Blocks or allows content at both ingress (prompt) and egress (response)
• Works with any Agent / agent orchestration using the standard Agent Framework middleware pipeline
• Supports both synchronous TokenCredential and AsyncTokenCredential from azure-identity
• Configuration via PurviewSettings / PurviewAppLocation
• Built-in caching with configurable TTL and size limits for protection scopes in PurviewSettings
• Background processing for content activities and offline policy evaluation

When to Use

Add Purview when you need to:

• Prevent sensitive data leaks: Inline blocking of sensitive content based on Data Loss Prevention (DLP) policies.
• Enable governance: Log AI interactions in Purview for Audit, Communication Compliance, Insider Risk Management, eDiscovery, and Data Lifecycle Management.
• Prevent sensitive or disallowed content from being sent to an LLM
• Prevent model output containing disallowed data from leaving the system
• Apply centrally managed policies without rewriting agent logic

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Prerequisites

• Microsoft Azure subscription with Microsoft Purview configured.
• Microsoft 365 subscription with an E5 license and pay-as-you-go billing setup.
  • For testing, you can use a Microsoft 365 Developer Program tenant. For more information, see Join the Microsoft 365 Developer Program.

Authentication

PurviewClient uses the azure-identity library for token acquisition. You can use any TokenCredential or AsyncTokenCredential implementation.

• Entra registration: Register your agent and add the required Microsoft Graph permissions (dataSecurityAndGovernance) to the Service Principal. For more information, see Register an application in Microsoft Entra ID and dataSecurityAndGovernance resource type. You'll need the Microsoft Entra app ID in the next step.

• Graph Permissions:

• ProtectionScopes.Compute.All : userProtectionScopeContainer

• Content.Process.All : processContent

• ContentActivity.Write : contentActivity

• Purview policies: Configure Purview policies using the Microsoft Entra app ID to enable agent communications data to flow into Purview. For more information, see Configure Microsoft Purview.

Scopes

PurviewSettings.get_scopes() derives the Graph scope list (currently https://graph.microsoft.com/.default style).

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Quick Start

import asyncio
from agent_framework import Agent, Message, Role
from agent_framework.openai import OpenAIChatCompletionClient
from agent_framework.microsoft import PurviewPolicyMiddleware, PurviewSettings
from azure.identity import InteractiveBrowserCredential

async def main():
	client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient()  # uses environment for endpoint + deployment

	purview_middleware = PurviewPolicyMiddleware(
		credential=InteractiveBrowserCredential(),
		settings=PurviewSettings(app_name="My Sample App")
	)

	agent = Agent(
		client=client,
		instructions="You are a helpful assistant.",
		middleware=[purview_middleware]
	)

	response = await agent.run(Message("user", ["Summarize zero trust in one sentence."]))
	print(response)

asyncio.run(main())

If a policy violation is detected on the prompt, the middleware terminates the run and substitutes a system message: "Prompt blocked by policy". If on the response, the result becomes "Response blocked by policy".

If you attach other middleware as well, put the Purview middleware last — see Middleware order matters.

---

Configuration

PurviewSettings

PurviewSettings(
    app_name="My App",                         # Required: Display / logical name
    app_version=None,                          # Optional: Version string of the application
    tenant_id=None,                            # Optional: Tenant id (guid), used mainly for auth context
    purview_app_location=None,                 # Optional: PurviewAppLocation for scoping
    graph_base_uri="https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/",
    blocked_prompt_message="Prompt blocked by policy",      # Custom message for blocked prompts
    blocked_response_message="Response blocked by policy",  # Custom message for blocked responses
    ignore_exceptions=False,                   # If True, non-payment exceptions are logged but not thrown
    ignore_payment_required=False,             # If True, 402 payment required errors are logged but not thrown
    cache_ttl_seconds=14400,                   # Cache TTL in seconds (default 4 hours)
    max_cache_size_bytes=200 * 1024 * 1024     # Max cache size in bytes (default 200MB)
)

Caching

The Purview integration includes built-in caching for protection scopes responses to improve performance and reduce API calls:

• Default TTL: 4 hours (14400 seconds)
• Default Cache Size: 200MB
• Cache Provider: InMemoryCacheProvider is used by default, but you can provide a custom implementation via the CacheProvider protocol
• Cache Invalidation: Cache is automatically invalidated when protection scope state is modified
• Exception Caching: 402 Payment Required errors are cached to avoid repeated failed API calls

You can customize caching behavior in PurviewSettings:

from agent_framework.microsoft import PurviewSettings

settings = PurviewSettings(
    app_name="My App",
    cache_ttl_seconds=14400,           # 4 hours
    max_cache_size_bytes=200 * 1024 * 1024  # 200MB
)

Or provide your own cache provider:

from typing import Any
from agent_framework.microsoft import PurviewPolicyMiddleware, PurviewSettings, CacheProvider
from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential

class MyCustomCache(CacheProvider):
    async def get(self, key: str) -> Any | None:
        # Your implementation
        pass

    async def set(self, key: str, value: Any, ttl_seconds: int | None = None) -> None:
        # Your implementation
        pass

    async def remove(self, key: str) -> None:
        # Your implementation
        pass

credential = DefaultAzureCredential()
settings = PurviewSettings(app_name="MyApp")

middleware = PurviewPolicyMiddleware(
    credential=credential,
    settings=settings,
    cache_provider=MyCustomCache()
)

To scope evaluation by location (application, URL, or domain):

from agent_framework.microsoft import (
	PurviewAppLocation,
	PurviewLocationType,
	PurviewSettings,
)

settings = PurviewSettings(
	app_name="Contoso Support",
	purview_app_location=PurviewAppLocation(
		location_type=PurviewLocationType.APPLICATION,
		location_value="<app-client-id>"
	)
)

Customizing Blocked Messages

By default, when Purview blocks a prompt or response, the middleware returns a generic system message. You can customize these messages by providing your own text in the PurviewSettings:

from agent_framework.microsoft import PurviewSettings

settings = PurviewSettings(
	app_name="My App",
	blocked_prompt_message="Your request contains content that violates our policies. Please rephrase and try again.",
	blocked_response_message="The response was blocked due to policy restrictions. Please contact support if you need assistance."
)

Exception Handling Controls

The Purview integration provides fine-grained control over exception handling to support graceful degradation scenarios:

from agent_framework.microsoft import PurviewSettings

# Ignore all non-payment exceptions (continue execution even if policy check fails)
settings = PurviewSettings(
    app_name="My App",
    ignore_exceptions=True  # Log errors but don't throw
)

# Ignore only 402 Payment Required errors (useful for tenants without proper licensing)
settings = PurviewSettings(
    app_name="My App",
    ignore_payment_required=True  # Continue even without Purview Consumptive Billing Setup
)

# Both can be combined
settings = PurviewSettings(
    app_name="My App",
    ignore_exceptions=True,
    ignore_payment_required=True
)

Selecting Agent vs Chat Middleware

Both middlewares apply the same policy logic, but they are handed different content, so they do not evaluate the same thing. Prefer the chat middleware for data loss prevention; use the agent middleware when a single check at the run boundary is what you want.

The agent middleware receives the messages passed to Agent.run(). Content added while the run executes — context provider output, replayed history, and the tool calls and results produced by the function calling loop — is assembled downstream of it, so it is visible only in the final response, after any tool has already run.

The chat middleware sits below the function calling loop and receives the fully prepared request on every model round trip. A tool call returned by the model is therefore evaluated before that tool executes, and its result is evaluated on the following round trip.

Use the agent middleware when you already have / want the full agent pipeline:

from agent_framework import Agent
from agent_framework.openai import OpenAIChatCompletionClient
from agent_framework.microsoft import PurviewPolicyMiddleware, PurviewSettings
from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential

credential = DefaultAzureCredential()
client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient()

agent = Agent(
	client=client,
	instructions="You are helpful.",
	middleware=[PurviewPolicyMiddleware(credential, PurviewSettings(app_name="My App"))]
)

Use the chat middleware when you attach directly to a chat client (e.g. minimal agent shell or custom orchestration):

import os
from agent_framework import Agent
from agent_framework.openai import OpenAIChatCompletionClient
from agent_framework.microsoft import PurviewChatPolicyMiddleware, PurviewSettings
from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential

credential = DefaultAzureCredential()

client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(
	model=os.environ["AZURE_OPENAI_MODEL"],
	azure_endpoint=os.environ["AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT"],
	credential=credential,
	middleware=[
		PurviewChatPolicyMiddleware(credential, PurviewSettings(app_name="My App (Chat)"))
	],
)

agent = Agent(client=client, instructions="You are helpful.")

Both middlewares can be attached at the same time. The chat middleware then evaluates each model round trip and the agent middleware evaluates the run boundary.

In either list, attach the Purview middleware last — see Middleware order matters.

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Middleware Lifecycle

1. Before agent execution (prompt phase): all context.messages are evaluated.
   • A valid user_id is required; if none can be resolved, the request fails rather than proceeding unevaluated
   • Protection scopes are retrieved (with caching)
   • Applicable scopes are checked to determine execution mode
   • In inline mode: content is evaluated immediately
   • In offline mode: evaluation is queued in background
2. If blocked: context.result is replaced with a system message and context.terminate = True.
3. After successful agent execution (response phase): the produced messages are evaluated using the same user_id from the prompt phase.
4. If blocked: result messages are replaced with a blocking notice.

The user identifier is discovered from Message.additional_properties['user_id'] during the prompt phase and reused for the response phase, ensuring both evaluations map consistently to the same user. See Fail-closed behaviour for what happens when no user identifier can be resolved.

You can customize the blocking messages using the blocked_prompt_message and blocked_response_message fields in PurviewSettings. For more advanced scenarios, you can wrap the middleware or post-process context.result in later middleware.

Middleware order matters

Attach the Purview middleware last in the middleware list.

agent = Agent(
    ...,
    middleware=[logging_middleware, caching_middleware, purview_middleware],
    #                                                   ^ last
)

Middleware are free to replace the response, and those replacements are applied in middleware order. Whichever middleware comes last gets the final say over what the caller receives. So any middleware attached after Purview can return a response that Purview never evaluated, and no error or warning is raised when this happens — the response is simply delivered unevaluated.

Attaching Purview last also means it evaluates the response after other middleware have finished changing it, so the content that was evaluated is the content the caller receives.

The same applies to PurviewChatPolicyMiddleware in a chat client's middleware list.

Blocked content and conversation history

Which middleware you use decides whether a blocked response can still be read back from conversation history.

Chat middleware (PurviewChatPolicyMiddleware, in a chat client's middleware list) — the response is evaluated and replaced during the model call, before an agent run stores the turn, so the replacement is what becomes durable and the model's own content does not reach the history provider.

Agent middleware (PurviewPolicyMiddleware, in an agent's middleware list) — an agent run writes its messages to history as part of the run, and this middleware wraps the whole run, so the turn has already been written by the time the response is evaluated. A blocked response is replaced for the caller, but the original content can still be read back from history on a later turn. Use the chat middleware where history must not retain blocked content.

Both cover the history providers the agent run writes through. Neither covers code that writes somewhere else of its own accord, such as a tool that saves its own output.

Not recommended: history written per service call

The chat middleware description above assumes history is written once per run, which is the default. An agent configured with require_per_service_call_history_persistence=True instead writes history as each model call returns.

That writer is added by the agent itself and placed below anything in your chat middleware list, closer to the model. It therefore stores the model's own response before the chat middleware evaluates it, and a blocked response can still be read back from history on a later turn. No ordering of your own middleware can change this, because the writer is always placed below them.

Avoid per-service-call history persistence where history must not retain blocked content.

Exception: history kept by the service

Both of the above cover history the framework stores. Some chat clients instead keep the conversation on the service and return an id to continue from — for example a Responses-style API run with store=True, which is the default for some clients.

In that mode the framework does not attach a local history provider of its own, and the service records the prompt and the response as part of the model call, before the response comes back to be evaluated. The service's copy is outside the framework's reach. The session's continuation id also advances to that turn, so the next turn resumes from a conversation that still contains the blocked content.

Purview still replaces what the caller receives. It cannot remove what the service kept.

If blocked content must not be retained, set store to False so the framework owns the conversation, and attach a history provider:

client = ChatClient(...)
client.chat_middleware = [PurviewChatPolicyMiddleware(credential, settings)]

agent = Agent(
    client=client,
    context_providers=[InMemoryHistoryProvider()],
    default_options={"store": False},
)

store can also be set per run, with agent.run(..., options={"store": False}).

---

Exceptions

Exception Handling

All exceptions inherit from PurviewServiceError. You can catch specific exceptions or use the base class:

from agent_framework.microsoft import (
    PurviewPaymentRequiredError,
    PurviewAuthenticationError,
    PurviewRateLimitError,
    PurviewRequestError,
    PurviewServiceError
)

try:
    # Your code here
    pass
except PurviewPaymentRequiredError as ex:
    # Handle licensing issues specifically
    print(f"Purview licensing required: {ex}")
except (PurviewAuthenticationError, PurviewRateLimitError, PurviewRequestError, PurviewServiceError) as ex:
    # Handle other errors
    print(f"Purview enforcement skipped: {ex}")

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Security Considerations

Identity is a trusted input

Purview evaluates DLP policy for a specific user. The identity this integration resolves therefore decides which policy is applied, and it is resolved in this order:

1. The user_id from the configured credential's token, when the credential resolves to a user.
2. The user_id argument passed to the processor.
3. message.additional_properties["user_id"].
4. message.author_name, when it is a GUID.

Only source 1 is verified. Sources 2–4 are supplied by the hosting application, so a host must not populate them from data that has crossed a trust boundary. If an end user, an upstream service or a model response can influence additional_properties["user_id"] or author_name, that party can select a different user's DLP policy — typically one with weaker rules — and evade enforcement. Where identity must come from a request, derive it from a validated token on the server, never from the request body. Prefer a user-delegated credential (source 1) whenever possible.

The purview_app_location in PurviewSettings is trusted in the same way: it selects which policy locations apply and must be configured by the host, not by the caller.

Fail-closed behaviour

Policy evaluation fails closed. If no user id can be resolved, or the tenant or app location cannot be determined, the processor raises rather than letting content through unevaluated. Use ignore_exceptions if you deliberately want availability over enforcement — but understand that it disables enforcement for every error, not just transient ones.

What is evaluated

Every content item on a message is submitted for evaluation, not just its text: binary/data content is sent as Purview binary content, and function calls, function results and other structured content are serialized to text. Only usage content is skipped, because it carries token counts rather than user data. Annotations on text content, such as citations, are submitted as additional text entries.

Evaluation covers the response as it stands when the middleware runs. Because middleware can replace the response afterwards, what is evaluated depends on where the middleware is attached — see Middleware order matters.

Remote references are not dereferenced

Purview classifies the content it is handed; a reference to content is not the content.

Content that carries its own bytes is evaluated as bytes: a data: URI is decoded and the decoded bytes are submitted as Purview binary content.

A remote reference is not. A uri content pointing at a remote location, a hosted file reference, or a link nested inside a tool result is submitted as the reference itself, and the bytes it points at are never fetched or evaluated. A host that needs those bytes evaluated must resolve them and pass the resolved content through the middleware.

Streaming responses

A streamed response is buffered in full and evaluated before any update is released, so it receives the same evaluation as a non-streaming response. Content is therefore not delivered incrementally while either middleware is attached: the first update is released only once the whole response has been evaluated.

This uses an experimental core API, so attaching the middleware to a streaming call emits an ExperimentalWarning.

A streamed response is evaluated once it has been assembled, at the same point a non-streaming response is, so Middleware order matters applies to streaming in exactly the same way.

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Notes

• User Identification: When the configured credential resolves to a user token, that token's user_id is used for per-user policy scoping. For app-token credentials, provide a user_id per request (e.g. in Message(..., additional_properties={"user_id": "<guid>"})). If no user_id can be provided or inferred, the request fails rather than proceeding unevaluated — see Security Considerations.
• Blocking Messages: Can be customized via blocked_prompt_message and blocked_response_message in PurviewSettings. By default, they are "Prompt blocked by policy" and "Response blocked by policy" respectively.
• Middleware Order: Attach the middleware last in the middleware list. Anything attached after it can return a response it never evaluated — see Middleware order matters.
• Streaming Responses: Streamed responses are buffered and evaluated in full before any update is released, so content is not delivered incrementally while the middleware is attached — see Streaming responses.
• Blocked Content and History: The chat middleware replaces a blocked response before the turn is stored; the agent middleware replaces it only for the caller, and history keeps the original. Per-service-call history persistence is not recommended with either — see Blocked content and conversation history.
• Error Handling: Use ignore_exceptions and ignore_payment_required settings for graceful degradation. When enabled, errors are logged but don't fail the request.
• Caching: Protection scopes responses and 402 errors are cached by default with a 4-hour TTL. Cache is automatically invalidated when protection scope state changes.
• Cold-cache parallelization: On a ProtectionScopes cache miss, scopes are refreshed in the background while ProcessContent runs in the foreground.
• Background Processing: Content Activities and offline Process Content requests are handled asynchronously using background tasks to avoid blocking the main execution flow.