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pydantic

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Data validation using Python type hints

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Direct dependencies6From release 2.14.1
Last observed20 Oct, 14:59 UTC

README

Version 2.14.1 documentation

Pydantic Validation

CI Coverage pypi CondaForge downloads versions license Pydantic v2 llms.txt

Data validation using Python type hints.

Fast and extensible, Pydantic plays nicely with your linters/IDE/brain. Define how data should be in pure, canonical Python 3.10+; validate it with Pydantic.

Pydantic Logfire :fire:

We've launched Pydantic Logfire to help you monitor your applications. Learn more

Pydantic V1.10 vs. V2

Pydantic V2 is a ground-up rewrite that offers many new features, performance improvements, and some breaking changes compared to Pydantic V1.

If you're using Pydantic V1 you may want to look at the pydantic V1.10 Documentation or, 1.10.X-fixes git branch. Pydantic V2 also ships with the latest version of Pydantic V1 built in so that you can incrementally upgrade your code base and projects: from pydantic import v1 as pydantic_v1.

Help

See documentation for more details.

Installation

Install using pip install -U pydantic or conda install pydantic -c conda-forge. For more installation options to make Pydantic even faster, see the Install section in the documentation.

A Simple Example

from datetime import datetime
from typing import Optional
from pydantic import BaseModel

class User(BaseModel):
    id: int
    name: str = 'John Doe'
    signup_ts: Optional[datetime] = None
    friends: list[int] = []

external_data = {'id': '123', 'signup_ts': '2017-06-01 12:22', 'friends': [1, '2', b'3']}
user = User(**external_data)
print(user)
#> User id=123 name='John Doe' signup_ts=datetime.datetime(2017, 6, 1, 12, 22) friends=[1, 2, 3]
print(user.id)
#> 123

Contributing

For guidance on setting up a development environment and how to make a contribution to Pydantic, see Contributing to Pydantic.

Reporting a Security Vulnerability

See our security policy.

Changelog

v2.14.1 (2026-10-11)

GitHub release

What's Changed

Performance

  • Avoid Python tuple allocation during model fields validation by @Viicos in #13955
  • Avoid unnecessary extra dict allocation in model validation by @Viicos in #13956

Fixes

  • Fix arguments-v3 schema with variadic keywords by @Viicos in #13954
  • Fix TypeError on ForwardRef on Python 3.10.0 by @Viicos in #13964
  • Support closed and extra_items via inheritance in TypedDict by @Viicos in #13967
  • Enforce the max_digits whole-digits limit in the Python Decimal validator by @Viicos in #13972
  • Reject out-of-range int inputs for timedelta by @Viicos in #13973
  • Support named tuples in Sequence validation by @Viicos in #13978

v2.14.0 (2026-10-08)

GitHub release

What's Changed

The highlights of the v2.14 release are available in the blog post. Several minor changes (considered non-breaking changes according to our versioning policy) are also included in this release. Make sure to look into them before upgrading.

This release drops support for Python 3.9 and adds support for Python 3.15.

New Features

  • Add support for multiple_of constraint in fraction and timedelta core schemas by @Viicos in #13873
  • Add __namespace__ parameter to create_model() by @Viicos in #13895

Changes

Fixes

  • Call enum constructors in both validation modes by @Viicos in #13792
  • Fix documentation examples not raising and remove unused string_sub_type unused error code by @Viicos in #13821
  • Catch OverflowError during ByteSize validation by @Viicos in #13850
  • Require multiple_of constraints to be positive by @Viicos in #13862
  • Always pop field name and model type stacks during schema generation by @saquibjawedbit in #13859
  • Handle TypeError gracefully during docstring extraction by @Viicos in #13874
  • Fix config propagation of stdlib dataclasses and TypedDicts in JSON Schema by @Viicos in #13891
  • Don't apply ser_json_timedelta to all datetime types in serialization inference by @Viicos in #13892
  • Encode JSON Schema defaults with a consistent configuration by @Viicos in #13893
  • Propagate init and kw_only=False from Field() to stdlib dataclass fields by @Viicos in #13898
  • Respect propagated extra config in the JSON Schema of stdlib dataclasses by @Viicos in #13899
  • Handle OS errors during ZoneInfo validation by @Viicos in #13912
  • Handle exceptions during Decimal validation by @Viicos in #13940
  • Rebuild incomplete types during serialization inference by @Viicos in #13922
  • Reject large exponents in Fraction validation by @Viicos in #13944
  • Avoid validating URL prefix multiple times in multi host URLs by @Viicos in #13945

New Contributors

v2.14.0b2 (2026-09-09)

GitHub release

What's Changed

This pre-release adds full support for Python 3.15 specific features, such as support for frozendict, making use of TypeForm and stabilizing the MISSING sentinel type.

New Features

  • Allow any CoreSchema to be used as serialization by @Viicos in #13680

  • Add support for frozendict type by @Viicos in #13634

  • Allow dict, frozendict and frozenset as defaultdict default factories by @Viicos in #13623

  • Add support for TypeForm by @Viicos in #13459.

    This adds support for static type checking where a type form is expected. For instance, type adapters:

    from pydantic import TypeAdapter

ta = TypeAdapter(int | str)
assert_type(ta.validate_python(1), int | str)

  • Add support for lazy imports by @Viicos in #13776

  • Stabilize MISSING sentinel by @Viicos in #13782.

    The MISSING sentinel is no longer experimental, and can be imported as from pydantic import MISSING.

Changes

Performance

  • Refactor type references logic by @Viicos in #13643
  • Improve performance of GenerateSchema.generate_schema() dispatching by @Viicos in #13614
  • Move schema gathering logic to pydantic-core by @Viicos in #13725
  • Improve performance of FieldInfo construction by @Viicos in #13726

Fixes

  • Fix support for callable discriminators with PEP 695 type aliases by @Viicos in #13604
  • Preserve re.Pattern instance for compiled patterns in the experimental pipeline by @soma0212 in #13611
  • Fix missing GC traversal on some pydantic-core struct fields by @Viicos in #13624
  • Fix missing GC traversal in pydantic-core for GeneralFieldsSerializer by @Viicos in #13629
  • Fix JSON schema discriminator mapping keys for bool discriminators by @remi-fongaufier in #13632
  • Fix application of other constraints in the pipeline API by @Viicos in #13659
  • Support bare None annotation for discriminated unions by @Viicos in #13667
  • Respect runtime alias validation configuration when wrap validators are present by @Viicos in #13668
  • Exclude computed fields with exclude_if from JSON Schema required fields by @Bishwas-py in #13563
  • Use config of TypeAdapter in JSON Schema generation by @Viicos in #13676
  • Support populate_by_name in @validate_call by @Viicos in #13691
  • Allow None to serialize against secret fields by @Viicos in #13699
  • Do not drop include/exclude if serializer wasn't called by @Viicos in #13702
  • Don't apply serialization temporal formats to validation JSON schemas by @MLuc24 in #13711
  • Reflect str_min_length and str_max_length config in the JSON schema by @MLuc24 in #13714
  • Treat a class attribute set to None as existing when assigning with extra='allow' by @Kropiunig in #13718
  • Use the field name in validation JSON schemas when validate_by_alias is False by @MLuc24 in #13717
  • Do not rely on normalization to validate decimals by @Viicos in #13742
  • Handle any exception when trying to compute JSON Schema default by @Viicos in #13741
  • Fix Mypy plugin crash with import cycle by @Viicos in #13767
  • Fix supported constraints for types of datetime module by @Viicos in #13768
  • Fix inconsistencies between constraints and core schemas allowed values by @Viicos in #13772
  • Allow self to be used as a parameter with @validate_call by @Viicos in #13773
  • Fix race conditions in freethreaded build by @Viicos in #13785

New Contributors

v2.14.0b1 (2026-08-06)

GitHub release

What's Changed

This is the first beta release of the 2.14 version, providing some new features and performance improvements for model builds.

This release is the first to provide initial support for Python 3.15, although not all 3.15 specific features are supported yet.

Packaging

New Features

Changes

  • Populate __slots__ from generic class during parameterization by @Viicos in #13243
  • Avoid using explicit Any in the Mypy plugin by @Viicos in #13196
  • Support Fraction type in pydantic-core by @Viicos in #13339
  • Use constant-time comparison for SecretStr and SecretBytes types by @Viicos in #13518
  • Fix application of constraints in pipeline API by @Viicos in #13516
  • Optimize type lookup logic in core schema generation by @Viicos in #13573
  • Add a named-tuple core schema by @Viicos in #13505
  • Raise explicit TypeError on invalid index_key serialization wrap handler by @Viicos in #13506

Performance

  • Cache ModelPrivateAttr.default_factory_takes_validated_data property by @Viicos in #13390
  • Introduce micro-optimizations for model class building by @dmontagu in #13540
  • Try Format.VALUE before FORWARDREF when evaluating annotations in ModelMetaclass by @Viicos in #13584
  • Optimize type lookup logic in core schema generation by @Viicos in #13573
  • Avoid exponential core schema traversal in gather_schemas_for_cleaning() by @dmontagu in #13523

Fixes

  • Validate falsy AliasGenerator outputs by @jiyujie2006 in #13248
  • Do not resolve recursive 'definitions-ref' schemas in schema cleaning by @Viicos in #13276
  • Fix missing max_length check on lazy iteration validation by @davidhewitt in #13278
  • Handle missing errors with default factories taking validated data by @Viicos in #13291
  • Recognise WindowsPath as a schema type by @davidhewitt in #13326
  • Fix application of nested operators in pipeline API by @Viicos in #13363
  • Fix type variable substitution in __pydantic_extra__ by @Viicos in #13391
  • Fix json_schema_extra dict being dropped when a callable follows it in Annotated by @Srivatsa03 in #13374
  • Skip RootModel.__init__() in Mypy plugin by @Viicos in #13441
  • Defer placeholders in Mypy plugin by @Viicos in #13442
  • Do not ignore timezone offset when using 'seconds'/'milliseconds' temporal_mode by @Viicos in #13436
  • Make model rebuilding logic thread safe by @Viicos in #13438
  • Fix Interval zero bounds silently dropped in pipeline API by @pctablet505 in #13452
  • Sync RootModel.model_dump() signature with its parent by @Viicos in #13456
  • Return NotImplemented from URL ordering comparisons with foreign types by @chinesepowered in #13495
  • Don't error on unhashable generic arguments on generic Pydantic models by @Viicos in #13515
  • Fix population of SerializationInfo.exclude_computed_fields by @Viicos in #13560
  • Fix serialization of ValidateAs by @Viicos in #13487
  • Allow reuse of validators when plugins are set by @Viicos in #13535
  • Avoid double-wrapping polymorphism trampoline for model serializers by @davidhewitt in #13552
  • Add AllowInfNan type to the field metadata gathering by @mberdyshev in #13586

New Contributors

v2.14.0a1 (2026-05-22)

GitHub release

What's Changed

Packaging

Changes

Fixes

  • Add Mypy plugin workaround for dynamic models defined in functions by @ilevkivskyi in #13177
  • Fallback to create_model() overload definition when __base__ is set to a type variable in the Mypy plugin by @cyphercodes in #13146

New Contributors

v2.13.4 (2026-05-06)

GitHub release

What's Changed

Packaging

Fixes

v2.13.3 (2026-04-20)

GitHub release

What's Changed

Fixes

  • Handle AttributeError subclasses with from_attributes by @Viicos in #13096

v2.13.2 (2026-04-17)

GitHub release

What's Changed

Fixes

  • Fix ValidationInfo.field_name missing with model_validate_json() by @Viicos in #13084

v2.13.1 (2026-04-15)

GitHub release

What's Changed

Fixes

v2.13.0 (2026-04-13)

GitHub release

The highlights of the v2.13 release are available in the blog post. Several minor changes (considered non-breaking changes according to our versioning policy) are also included in this release. Make sure to look into them before upgrading.

This release contains the updated pydantic.v1 namespace, matching version 1.10.26 which includes support for Python 3.14.

What's Changed

See the beta releases for all changes sinces 2.12.

New Features

  • Allow default factories of private attributes to take validated model data by @Viicos in #13013

Changes

Fixes

  • Change type of Any when synthesizing _build_sources for BaseSettings.__init__() signature in the mypy plugin by @Viicos in #13049
  • Fix model equality when using runtime extra configuration by @Viicos in #13062

Packaging

  • Add zizmor for GitHub Actions workflow linting by @Viicos in #13039
  • Update jiter to v0.14.0 to fix a segmentation fault on musl Linux by @Viicos in #13064

New Contributors

v2.13.0b3 (2026-03-31)

GitHub release

What's Changed

New Features

Changes

  • Track extra fields set after init in model_fields_set by @navalprakhar in #12817
  • Do not include annotations that are not part of named tuple fields by @galuszkak in #12951
  • No longer fall back to trying all union members when the variant selected by discriminator fails to serialize by @navalprakhar in #12825

Fixes

  • Support discriminator metadata outside union type alias by @Viicos in #12785
  • Respect extras_schema when only extra_fields_behavior is set on the config in JSON Schema generation for typed dictionaries by @Viicos in #12810
  • Ensure __pydantic_private__ is set in model_construct() with user-defined model_post_init() by @nightcityblade in #12816
  • Handle all schema generation errors in InstanceOf by @Viicos in #12705
  • Allow dynamic models created with create_model() to be used as annotations in the Mypy plugin by @Br1an67 in #12879
  • Check for PlaceholderNode in Mypy plugin by @Viicos in #12929
  • Try other branches in smart union in case of omit errors by @mikeedjones in #12758
  • Patch unset attributes with MISSING during model serialization with exclude_unset by @davidhewitt in #12905
  • Ensure custom __init__() is called when using model_validate_strings() by @siewcapital in #12897

Packaging

New Contributors

v2.13.0b2 (2026-02-24)

GitHub release

What's Changed

Fixes

  • Fix backported V1 namespace by @Viicos in #12855
  • Allow any type form to be used in validate_as() by @bledden in #12846
  • Fix walrus operator precedence in UrlConstraints.__get_pydantic_core_schema__() by @bysiber in #12826

New Contributors

v2.13.0b1 (2026-02-23)

GitHub release

This is the first beta release of the 2.13 version, mainly providing bug fixes and performance improvements for validation and serialization.

Notable changes include:

  • Add a new polymorphic_serialization option, solving issues with serialize_as_any introduced in 2.12.
  • Latest V1.10.26 release under the pydantic.v1 namespace. This version includes support for Python 3.14.
  • The pydantic-core repository was merged inside the main pydantic one.

What's Changed

New Features

Changes

Performance

Fixes

  • Fix FieldInfo rebuilding when parameterizing generic models with an Annotated type by @Viicos in #12463
  • Fix nested model schema deduplication in JSON schema generation by @marwan-alloreview in #12494
  • Fix InitVar being ignored when using with the pydantic.Field() function by @Viicos in #12495
  • Fix support for enums with NamedTuple as values by @Viicos in #12506
  • Do not delete mock validator/serializer in rebuild_dataclass() by @Viicos in #12513
  • Require test suite to pass with free threading, switch back to global generic types cache by @davidhewitt in #12537
  • Refactor __pydantic_extra__ annotation handling by @Viicos in #12563
  • Do not add claim of UUID "safety" provision by @davidhewitt in #12567
  • Use Python hash to perform lookup in tagged union serializer by @davidhewitt in #12594
  • Do not emit serialization warning MISSING sentinel is present in a nested model by @Viicos in #12635
  • Do not eagerly evaluate annotations in signature logic by @Viicos in #12660
  • Fix serialization of typed dict unions when exclude_none is set by @davidhewitt in #12677
  • Do not reuse prebuilt serializers/validators on rebuilds by @lmmx in #12689
  • Fix type annotation of field_definitions in create_model() by @lehmann-hqs in #12734
  • Fix incorrect dataclass constructor signature when overriding class kw_only with Field() by @jfadia in #12741
  • Use typing.Union when replacing types under Python 3.14 by @Viicos in #12733
  • Improve ImportString error when internal imports fail by @tsembp in #12740
  • Fix serializing complex numbers with negative zero imaginary part by @lhnwrk in #12770
  • Preserve custom docstrings on stdlib dataclasses in JSON schema by @nightcityblade in #12815

Packaging

New Contributors

v2.12.5 (2025-11-26)

GitHub release

This is the fifth 2.12 patch release, addressing an issue with the MISSING sentinel and providing several documentation improvements.

The next 2.13 minor release will be published in a couple weeks, and will include a new polymorphic serialization feature addressing the remaining unexpected changes to the serialize as any behavior.

  • Fix pickle error when using model_construct() on a model with MISSING as a default value by @ornariece in #12522.
  • Several updates to the documentation by @Viicos.

v2.12.4 (2025-11-05)

GitHub release

This is the fourth 2.12 patch release, fixing more regressions, and reverting a change in the build() method of the AnyUrl and Dsn types.

This patch release also fixes an issue with the serialization of IP address types, when serialize_as_any is used. The next patch release will try to address the remaining issues with serialize as any behavior by introducing a new polymorphic serialization feature, that should be used in most cases in place of serialize as any.

  • Fix issue with forward references in parent TypedDict classes by @Viicos in #12427.

    This issue is only relevant on Python 3.14 and greater.

  • Exclude fields with exclude_if from JSON Schema required fields by @Viicos in #12430

  • Revert URL percent-encoding of credentials in the build() method of the AnyUrl and Dsn types by @davidhewitt in pydantic-core#1833.

    This was initially considered as a bugfix, but caused regressions and as such was fully reverted. The next release will include an opt-in option to percent-encode components of the URL.

  • Add type inference for IP address types by @davidhewitt in pydantic-core#1868.

    The 2.12 changes to the serialize_as_any behavior made it so that IP address types could not properly serialize to JSON.

  • Avoid getting default values from defaultdict by @davidhewitt in pydantic-core#1853.

    This fixes a subtle regression in the validation behavior of the collections.defaultdict type.

  • Fix issue with field serializers on nested typed dictionaries by @davidhewitt in pydantic-core#1879.

  • Add more pydantic-core builds for the three-threaded version of Python 3.14 by @davidhewitt in pydantic-core#1864.

v2.12.3 (2025-10-17)

GitHub release

What's Changed

This is the third 2.12 patch release, fixing issues related to the FieldInfo class, and reverting a change to the supported after model validator function signatures.

  • Raise a warning when an invalid after model validator function signature is raised by @Viicos in #12414. Starting in 2.12.0, using class methods for after model validators raised an error, but the error wasn't raised concistently. We decided to emit a deprecation warning instead.
  • Add FieldInfo.asdict() method, improve documentation around FieldInfo by @Viicos in #12411. This also add back support for mutations on FieldInfo classes, that are reused as Annotated metadata. However, note that this is still not a supported pattern. Instead, please refer to the added example in the documentation.

The blog post section on changes was also updated to document the changes related to serialize_as_any.

v2.12.2 (2025-10-14)

GitHub release

What's Changed

Fixes

  • Release a new pydantic-core version, as a corrupted CPython 3.10 manylinux2014_aarch64 wheel got uploaded (pydantic-core#1843).
  • Fix issue with recursive generic models with a parent model class by @Viicos in #12398

v2.12.1 (2025-10-13)

GitHub release

What's Changed

This is the first 2.12 patch release, addressing most (but not all yet) regressions from the initial 2.12.0 release.

Fixes

New Contributors

v2.12.0 (2025-10-07)

GitHub release

This is the final 2.12 release. It features the work of 20 external contributors and provides useful new features, along with initial Python 3.14 support. Several minor changes (considered non-breaking changes according to our versioning policy) are also included in this release. Make sure to look into them before upgrading.

Note that Pydantic V1 is not compatible with Python 3.14 and greater.

What's Changed

See the beta releases for all changes sinces 2.11.

New Features

  • Add extra parameter to the validate functions by @anvilpete in #12233
  • Add exclude_computed_fields serialization option by @Viicos in #12334
  • Add preverse_empty_path URL options by @Viicos in #12336
  • Add union_format parameter to JSON Schema generation by @Viicos in #12147
  • Add __qualname__ parameter for create_model by @Atry in #12001

Fixes

  • Do not try to infer name from lambda definitions in pipelines API by @Viicos in #12289
  • Use proper namespace for functions in TypeAdapter by @Viicos in #12324
  • Use Any for context type annotation in TypeAdapter by @inducer in #12279
  • Expose FieldInfo in pydantic.fields.__all__ by @Viicos in #12339
  • Respect validation_alias in @validate_call by @Viicos in #12340
  • Use Any as context annotation in plugin API by @Viicos in #12341
  • Use proper stacklevel in warnings when possible by @Viicos in #12342

Packaging

New Contributors

v2.12.0b1 (2025-10-03)

GitHub release

This is the first beta release of the upcoming 2.12 release.

What's Changed

New Features

Changes

  • Raise error if an incompatible pydantic-core version is installed by @Viicos in #12196
  • Remove runtime warning for experimental features by @Viicos in #12265
  • Warn if registering virtual subclasses on Pydantic models by @Viicos in #11669

Fixes

  • Fix __getattr__() behavior on Pydantic models when a property raised an AttributeError and extra values are present by @raspuchin in #12106
  • Add test to prevent regression with Pydantic models used as annotated metadata by @Viicos in #12133
  • Allow to use property setters on Pydantic dataclasses with validate_assignment set by @Viicos in #12173
  • Fix mypy v2 plugin for upcoming mypy release by @cdce8p in #12209
  • Respect custom title in functions JSON Schema by @Viicos in #11892
  • Fix ImportString JSON serialization for objects with a name attribute by @chr1sj0nes in #12219
  • Do not error on fields overridden by methods in the mypy plugin by @Viicos in #12290

Packaging

New Contributors

v2.12.0a1 (2025-07-26)

GitHub release

This is the first alpha release of the upcoming 2.12 release, which adds initial support for Python 3.14.

What's Changed

New Features

  • Add __pydantic_on_complete__() hook that is called once model is fully ready to be used by @DouweM in #11762
  • Add initial support for Python 3.14 by @Viicos in #11991
  • Add regex patterns to JSON schema for Decimal type by @Dima-Bulavenko in #11987
  • Add support for doc attribute on dataclass fields by @Viicos in #12077
  • Add experimental MISSING sentinel by @Viicos in #11883

Changes

  • Allow config and bases to be specified together in create_model() by @Viicos in #11714
  • Move some field logic out of the GenerateSchema class by @Viicos in #11733
  • Always make use of inspect.getsourcelines() for docstring extraction on Python 3.13 and greater by @Viicos in #11829
  • Only support the latest Mypy version by @Viicos in #11832
  • Do not implicitly convert after model validators to class methods by @Viicos in #11957
  • Refactor FieldInfo creation implementation by @Viicos in #11898
  • Make Secret covariant by @bluenote10 in #12008
  • Emit warning when field-specific metadata is used in invalid contexts by @Viicos in #12028

Fixes

  • Properly fetch plain serializer function when serializing default value in JSON Schema by @Viicos in #11721
  • Remove generics cache workaround by @Viicos in #11755
  • Remove coercion of decimal constraints by @Viicos in #11772
  • Fix crash when expanding root type in the mypy plugin by @Viicos in #11735
  • Only mark model as complete once all fields are complete by @DouweM in #11759
  • Do not provide field_name in validator core schemas by @DouweM in #11761
  • Fix issue with recursive generic models by @Viicos in #11775
  • Fix qualified name comparison of private attributes during namespace inspection by @karta9821 in #11803
  • Make sure Pydantic dataclasses with slots and validate_assignment can be unpickled by @Viicos in #11769
  • Traverse function-before schemas during schema gathering by @Viicos in #11801
  • Fix check for stdlib dataclasses by @Viicos in #11822
  • Check if FieldInfo is complete after applying type variable map by @Viicos in #11855
  • Do not delete mock validator/serializer in model_rebuild() by @Viicos in #11890
  • Rebuild dataclass fields before schema generation by @Viicos in #11949
  • Always store the original field assignment on FieldInfo by @Viicos in #11946
  • Do not use deprecated methods as default field values by @Viicos in #11914
  • Allow callable discriminator to be applied on PEP 695 type aliases by @Viicos in #11941
  • Suppress core schema generation warning when using SkipValidation by @ygsh0816 in #12002
  • Do not emit typechecking error for invalid Field() default with validate_default set to True by @Viicos in #11988
  • Refactor logic to support Pydantic's Field() function in dataclasses by @Viicos in #12051

Packaging

New Contributors

v2.11.10 (2025-10-04)

GitHub release

What's Changed

Fixes

  • Backport v1.10.24 changes by @Viicos

v2.11.9 (2025-09-13)

GitHub release

What's Changed

Fixes

  • Backport v1.10.23 changes by @Viicos

v2.11.8 (2025-09-13)

GitHub release

What's Changed

Fixes

v2.11.7 (2025-06-14)

GitHub release

What's Changed

Fixes

  • Copy FieldInfo instance if necessary during FieldInfo build by @Viicos in #11898

v2.11.6 (2025-06-13)

GitHub release

What's Changed

Fixes

  • Rebuild dataclass fields before schema generation by @Viicos in #11949
  • Always store the original field assignment on FieldInfo by @Viicos in #11946

v2.11.5 (2025-05-22)

GitHub release

What's Changed

Fixes

  • Check if FieldInfo is complete after applying type variable map by @Viicos in #11855
  • Do not delete mock validator/serializer in model_rebuild() by @Viicos in #11890
  • Do not duplicate metadata on model rebuild by @Viicos in #11902

v2.11.4 (2025-04-29)

GitHub release

What's Changed

Changes

  • Allow config and bases to be specified together in create_model() by @Viicos in #11714. This change was backported as it was previously possible (although not meant to be supported) to provide model_config as a field, which would make it possible to provide both configuration and bases.

Fixes

  • Remove generics cache workaround by @Viicos in #11755
  • Remove coercion of decimal constraints by @Viicos in #11772
  • Fix crash when expanding root type in the mypy plugin by @Viicos in #11735
  • Fix issue with recursive generic models by @Viicos in #11775
  • Traverse function-before schemas during schema gathering by @Viicos in #11801

Packaging

v2.11.3 (2025-04-08)

GitHub release

What's Changed

Fixes

  • Preserve field description when rebuilding model fields by @Viicos in #11698

Packaging

v2.11.2 (2025-04-03)

GitHub release

What's Changed

Fixes

  • Bump pydantic-core to v2.33.1 by @Viicos in #11678
  • Make sure __pydantic_private__ exists before setting private attributes by @Viicos in #11666
  • Do not override FieldInfo._complete when using field from parent class by @Viicos in #11668
  • Provide the available definitions when applying discriminated unions by @Viicos in #11670
  • Do not expand root type in the mypy plugin for variables by @Viicos in #11676
  • Mention the attribute name in model fields deprecation message by @Viicos in #11674
  • Properly validate parameterized mappings by @Viicos in #11658

v2.11.1 (2025-03-28)

GitHub release

What's Changed

Fixes

  • Do not override 'definitions-ref' schemas containing serialization schemas or metadata by @Viicos in #11644

v2.11.0 (2025-03-27)

GitHub release

What's Changed

Pydantic v2.11 is a version strongly focused on build time performance of Pydantic models (and core schema generation in general). See the blog post for more details.

New Features

  • Add encoded_string() method to the URL types by @YassinNouh21 in #11580
  • Add support for defer_build with @validate_call decorator by @Viicos in #11584
  • Allow @with_config decorator to be used with keyword arguments by @Viicos in #11608
  • Simplify customization of default value inclusion in JSON Schema generation by @Viicos in #11634
  • Add generate_arguments_schema() function by @Viicos in #11572

Fixes

  • Allow generic typed dictionaries to be used for unpacked variadic keyword parameters by @Viicos in #11571
  • Fix runtime error when computing model string representation involving cached properties and self-referenced models by @Viicos in #11579
  • Preserve other steps when using the ellipsis in the pipeline API by @Viicos in #11626
  • Fix deferred discriminator application logic by @Viicos in #11591

Packaging

New Contributors

v2.11.0b2 (2025-03-17)

GitHub release

What's Changed

New Features

  • Add experimental support for free threading by @Viicos in #11516

Fixes

  • Fix NotRequired qualifier not taken into account in stringified annotation by @Viicos in #11559

Packaging

New Contributors

v2.11.0b1 (2025-03-06)

GitHub release

What's Changed

New Features

Changes

Performance

Fixes

Packaging

New Contributors

v2.11.0a2 (2025-02-10)

GitHub release

What's Changed

Pydantic v2.11 is a version strongly focused on build time performance of Pydantic models (and core schema generation in general). This is another early alpha release, meant to collect early feedback from users having issues with core schema builds.

Performance

Fixes

  • Use the correct JSON Schema mode when handling function schemas by @Viicos in #11367
  • Fix JSON Schema reference logic with examples keys by @Viicos in #11366
  • Improve exception message when encountering recursion errors during type evaluation by @Viicos in #11356
  • Always include additionalProperties: True for arbitrary dictionary schemas by @austinyu in #11392
  • Expose fallback parameter in serialization methods by @Viicos in #11398
  • Fix path serialization behavior by @sydney-runkle in #11416

Packaging

New Contributors

v2.11.0a1 (2025-01-30)

GitHub release

What's Changed

Pydantic v2.11 is a version strongly focused on build time performance of Pydantic models (and core schema generation in general). This is an early alpha release, meant to collect early feedback from users having issues with core schema builds.

New Features

  • Support unsubstituted type variables with both a default and a bound or constraints by @FyZzyss in #10789
  • Add a default_factory_takes_validated_data property to FieldInfo by @Viicos in #11034
  • Raise a better error when a generic alias is used inside type[] by @Viicos in #11088
  • Properly support PEP 695 generics syntax by @Viicos in #11189
  • Properly support type variable defaults by @Viicos in #11332

Changes

  • Rework create_model field definitions format by @Viicos in #11032
  • Raise a deprecation warning when a field is annotated as final with a default value by @Viicos in #11168
  • Deprecate accessing model_fields and model_computed_fields on instances by @Viicos in #11169
  • Move core schema generation logic for path types inside the GenerateSchema class by @sydney-runkle in #10846
  • Move deque schema gen to GenerateSchema class by @sydney-runkle in #11239
  • Move Mapping schema gen to GenerateSchema to complete removal of prepare_annotations_for_known_type workaround by @sydney-runkle in #11247
  • Remove Python 3.8 Support by @sydney-runkle in #11258
  • Disable pydantic-core core schema validation by @sydney-runkle in #11271

Performance

Fixes

  • Add validation tests for _internal/_validators.py by @tkasuz in #10763
  • Improve TypeAdapter instance repr by @sydney-runkle in #10872
  • Revert "ci: use locally built pydantic-core with debug symbols by @sydney-runkle in #10942
  • Re-enable all FastAPI tests by @tamird in #10948
  • Fix typo in HISTORY.md. by @felixxm in #11077
  • Infer final fields with a default value as class variables in the mypy plugin by @Viicos in #11121
  • Recursively unpack Literal values if using PEP 695 type aliases by @Viicos in #11114
  • Override __subclasscheck__ on ModelMetaclass to avoid memory leak and performance issues by @Viicos in #11116
  • Remove unused _extract_get_pydantic_json_schema() parameter by @Viicos in #11155
  • Add FastAPI and SQLModel to third-party tests by @sydney-runkle in #11044
  • Fix conditional expressions syntax for third-party tests by @Viicos in #11162
  • Move FastAPI tests to third-party workflow by @Viicos in #11164
  • Improve discriminated union error message for invalid union variants by @Viicos in #11161
  • Unpack PEP 695 type aliases if using the Annotated form by @Viicos in #11109
  • Include openapi-python-client check in issue creation for third-party failures, use main branch by @sydney-runkle in #11182
  • Add pandera third-party tests by @Viicos in #11193
  • Add ODMantic third-party tests by @sydney-runkle in #11197
  • Add missing stacklevel in deprecated_instance_property warning by @Viicos in #11200
  • Copy WithJsonSchema schema to avoid sharing mutated data by @thejcannon in #11014
  • Do not cache parametrized models when in the process of parametrizing another model by @Viicos in #10704
  • Re-enable Beanie third-party tests by @Viicos in #11214
  • Add discriminated union related metadata entries to the CoreMetadata definition by @Viicos in #11216
  • Consolidate schema definitions logic in the _Definitions class by @Viicos in #11208
  • Support initializing root model fields with values of the root type in the mypy plugin by @Viicos in #11212
  • Fix various issues with dataclasses and use_attribute_docstrings by @Viicos in #11246
  • Only compute normalized decimal places if necessary in decimal_places_validator by @misrasaurabh1 in #11281
  • Fix two misplaced sentences in validation errors documentation by @ananiavito in #11302
  • Fix mkdocstrings inventory example in documentation by @pawamoy in #11311
  • Add support for validation_alias in the mypy plugin by @Viicos in #11295
  • Do not transform model serializer functions as class methods in the mypy plugin by @Viicos in #11298
  • Simplify GenerateJsonSchema.literal_schema() implementation by @misrasaurabh1 in #11321
  • Add additional allowed schemes for ClickHouseDsn by @Maze21127 in #11319
  • Coerce decimal constraints to Decimal instances by @Viicos in #11350
  • Fix ValueError on year zero by @davidhewitt in pydantic-core#1583

Packaging

New Contributors

v2.10.6 (2025-01-23)

GitHub release

What's Changed

Fixes

v2.10.5 (2025-01-08)

GitHub release

What's Changed

Fixes

v2.10.4 (2024-12-18)

GitHub release

What's Changed

Fixes

  • Fix for comparison of AnyUrl objects by @alexprabhat99 in #11082
  • Properly fetch PEP 695 type params for functions, do not fetch annotations from signature by @Viicos in #11093
  • Include JSON Schema input core schema in function schemas by @Viicos in #11085
  • Add len to _BaseUrl to avoid TypeError by @Kharianne in #11111
  • Make sure the type reference is removed from the seen references by @Viicos in #11143

New Contributors

Packaging

v2.10.3 (2024-12-03)

GitHub release

What's Changed

Fixes

  • Set fields when defer_build is set on Pydantic dataclasses by @Viicos in #10984
  • Do not resolve the JSON Schema reference for dict core schema keys by @Viicos in #10989
  • Use the globals of the function when evaluating the return type for PlainSerializer and WrapSerializer functions by @Viicos in #11008
  • Fix host required enforcement for urls to be compatible with v2.9 behavior by @sydney-runkle in #11027
  • Add a default_factory_takes_validated_data property to FieldInfo by @Viicos in #11034
  • Fix url json schema in serialization mode by @sydney-runkle in #11035

v2.10.2 (2024-11-25)

GitHub release

What's Changed

Fixes

  • Only evaluate FieldInfo annotations if required during schema building by @Viicos in #10769
  • Do not evaluate annotations for private fields by @Viicos in #10962
  • Support serialization as any for Secret types and Url types by @sydney-runkle in #10947
  • Fix type hint of Field.default to be compatible with Python 3.8 and 3.9 by @Viicos in #10972
  • Add hashing support for URL types by @sydney-runkle in #10975
  • Hide BaseModel.__replace__ definition from type checkers by @Viicos in #10979

v2.10.1 (2024-11-21)

GitHub release

What's Changed

Fixes

Packaging

New Contributors

v2.10.0 (2024-11-20)

The code released in v2.10.0 is practically identical to that of v2.10.0b2.

GitHub release

See the v2.10 release blog post for the highlights!

What's Changed

New Features

Changes

Performance

  • Schema cleaning: skip unnecessary copies during schema walking by @Viicos in #10286
  • Refactor namespace logic for annotations evaluation by @Viicos in #10530
  • Improve email regexp on edge cases by @AlekseyLobanov in #10601
  • CoreMetadata refactor with an emphasis on documentation, schema build time performance, and reducing complexity by @sydney-runkle in #10675

Packaging

Fixes

New Contributors

v2.10.0b2 (2024-11-13)

Pre-release, see the GitHub release for details.

v2.10.0b1 (2024-11-06)

Pre-release, see the GitHub release for details.

... see here for earlier changes.

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Versions 1

Collected releases
VersionPublishedDirect dependenciesOpen version
2.14.111 Oct 20266
Sorted by available source dates · UTC

Package advisories

2
PYSEC-2021-47PyPA

CVE-2021-29510, GHSA-5jqp-qgf6-3pvh

Source record
PYSEC-2026-1812PyPA

CVE-2024-3772, GHSA-mr82-8j83-vxmv

Source record

Matched to the package identity. Affected version ranges have not been evaluated.

Repository

PENDING
pydantic/pydantic

Shared repository data · GitHub

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Meaningful changes
Current collected state Current

Observed since 20 Oct, 14:59 UTC

No superseded metadata states collected. Unchanged observations do not create new revisions.

Record identity

package:f2ed8ddd006826f851f6430046fdc79c73f59cb034324c59a448ce9668b6dc22